Forte externe, care nu pot fi controlate (economice, demografice, tehnologice, naturale, sociale, culturale, legale, politice) care influenteaza luarile de decizie ale firmei si au un impact mare asupra performantei acesteia.
The major uncontrollable, external forces (economic, demographic, technological, natural, social and cultural, legal and political) which influence a firm's decision making and have an impact upon its performance.